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MongoDB 导出导入备份恢复数据详解及实例
数据库备份和数据恢复的重要性,我想大家都知道,这里就举例说明如何操作数据备份,数据恢复的实例:
创建测试数据
创建db:testdb,collection:user,插入10条记录
mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > use testdb switched to db testdb > db.user.insert({id:1,name:"用户1"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:2,name:"用户2"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:3,name:"用户3"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:4,name:"用户4"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:5,name:"用户5"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:6,name:"用户6"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:7,name:"用户7"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:8,name:"用户8"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:9,name:"用户9"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.user.insert({id:10,name:"用户10"}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > > db.user.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "用户1" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "用户2" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "用户3" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"), "id" : 4, "name" : "用户4" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"), "id" : 5, "name" : "用户5" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"), "id" : 6, "name" : "用户6" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"), "id" : 7, "name" : "用户7" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"), "id" : 8, "name" : "用户8" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"), "id" : 9, "name" : "用户9" } { "_id" : ObjectId("574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"), "id" : 10, "name" : "用户10" }
数据导出 mongoexport
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
-o 输出的文件名
--type 输出的格式,默认为json
-f 输出的字段,如果--type为csv,则需要加上 -f "字段名"
更多参数说明可参考 mongoexport –help
例子:导出user所有记录到/tmp/user.json
mongoexport -d testdb -c user -o /tmp/user.json 2016-05-31T20:00:32.257+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:00:32.286+0800 exported 10 records cat /tmp/user.json {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"},"id":1,"name":"用户1"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"},"id":2,"name":"用户2"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"},"id":3,"name":"用户3"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"},"id":4,"name":"用户4"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"},"id":5,"name":"用户5"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"},"id":6,"name":"用户6"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"},"id":7,"name":"用户7"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"},"id":8,"name":"用户8"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"},"id":9,"name":"用户9"} {"_id":{"$oid":"574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"},"id":10,"name":"用户10"}
例子:导出user所有id到/tmp/user.csv
格式为csv但不指定字段会出错
mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -o /tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:01:05.393+0800 Failed: CSV mode requires a field list mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -f "id" -o /tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:01:46.510+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:01:46.534+0800 exported 10 records cat /tmp/user.csv id 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
数据导入 mongoimport
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
--type 导入的格式,默认json
-f 导入的字段名
--headerline 如果导入的格式是csv,则可以使用第一行的标题作为导入的字段
--file 要导入的文件
更多参数说明可参考 mongoimport –help
导入前先清空collection user
> db.user.drop(); true > db.user.find(); >
例子:把上例导出的user.json导入
mongoimport -d testdb -c user --file /tmp/user.json 2016-05-31T20:10:22.240+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:10:22.287+0800 imported 10 documents
例子:把上例导出的user.csv导入
mongoimport -d testdb -c user --type csv --headerline --file /tmp/user.csv 2016-05-31T20:11:28.975+0800 connected to: localhost 2016-05-31T20:11:29.003+0800 imported 10 documents
数据备份 mongodump
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
-o 备份的文件路径
更多参数说明可参考 mongodump –help
例子:把testdb的user备份到/tmp
mongodump -d testdb -c user -o /tmp 2016-05-31T20:18:25.813+0800 writing testdb.user to /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:18:25.818+0800 writing testdb.user metadata to /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json 2016-05-31T20:18:25.849+0800 done dumping testdb.user
数据恢复 mongorestore
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
更多参数说明可参考 mongorestore –help
导入前先清空collection user
> db.user.drop(); true > db.user.find(); >
例子:把上例备份的数据恢复
mongorestore -d testdb -c user /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.050+0800 checking for collection data in /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.084+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json 2016-05-31T20:21:23.088+0800 restoring testdb.user from file /tmp/testdb/user.bson 2016-05-31T20:21:23.153+0800 restoring indexes for collection testdb.user from metadata 2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800 finished restoring testdb.user 2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800 done
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